Influences of prolonged apnea and oxygen inhalation on pulmonary hemodynamics during breath holding: Quantitative assessment by velocity-encoded MR imaging with SENSE technique

Nogami, Munenobu; Ohno, Yoshiharu; Higashino, Takanori; Takenaka, Daisuke; Yoshikawa, Takeshi; Koyama, Hisanobu; Kawamitsu, Hideaki; Fujii, Masahiko; Sugimura, Kazuro

doi:10.1016/j.ejrad.2007.02.043

« Previous Next »European Journal of Radiology
Volume 64, Issue 3 , Pages 375-380, December 2007

Influences of prolonged apnea and oxygen inhalation on pulmonary hemodynamics during breath holding: Quantitative assessment by velocity-encoded MR imaging with SENSE technique

Munenobu Nogami
- Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
- Corresponding author at: Tel.: +81 78 382 6104; fax: +81 78 382 6129.
Yoshiharu Ohno
- Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
Takanori Higashino
- Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
- Department of Radiology, Tenri Hospital, Tenri, Nara, Japan
Daisuke Takenaka
- Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
Takeshi Yoshikawa
- Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
- Department of Radiology, Konan Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
Hisanobu Koyama
- Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
Hideaki Kawamitsu
- Division of Radiology, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
Masahiko Fujii
- Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan
- Division of Radiology, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Hyogo, Japan
Kazuro Sugimura
- Department of Radiology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-2 Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 650-0017, Japan

Received 31 January 2007; received in revised form 2 February 2007; accepted 2 February 2007.

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of our study was to assess the influence of prolonged apnea and administration of oxygen on pulmonary hemodynamics during breath holding (BH) by using velocity-encoded MR imaging combined with the SENSE technique (velocity MRI).

Materials and methods

Ten healthy male volunteers underwent velocity MRI during BH with and without O₂ inhalation. All velocity MRI data sets were obtained continuously with the 2D cine phase-contrast method during a single BH period. The data were then divided into three BH time phases as follows: first, second and third. To evaluate the influence of prolonged apnea on hemodynamics, stroke volume (SV) and maximal change in flow rate during ejection (MCFR) of second and third phases were statistically compared with those of first phase by using the ANOVA followed by Turkey's HSD multiple comparison test. To assess the influence of O₂ on hemodynamics, SV and MCFR with or without O₂ were compared by the paired t-test. To assess the measuring agreement of hemodynamic indices during prolonged breath holding, Bland–Altman's analysis was performed.

Results

Prolonged apnea had no significant influence on SV and MCFR regardless of administration of O₂ (p>0.05). Mean MCFR for all phases was significantly lower with administration of O₂ than without (p<0.05). The limits of agreement for MCFR with O₂ were smaller than without.

Conclusion

O₂ inhalation modulated maximal change in flow rate during ejection, and did not influence stroke volume during breath holding. Influence of O₂ inhalation should be considered for MR measurements of pulmonary hemodynamics during breath holding.

Keywords: Lung, MR imaging, Oxygen, Perfusion, Blood flow, Vascular resistance