Interventional spinal procedures

Abstract 

The interventional procedures for disk herniation and protrusion by percutaneous techniques are decompressive such as chemodiscolysis with chimopapain, nucleo-discectomy introduced by Onik, LASER discectomy, and recently nucleoplasty, and decompressive and direct antinflammatory such as chemiodiscolysis with an Oxygen-ozone mixture.

These techniques have minimized the invasive nature of surgery and avoid or decrease complications like infection linked to surgery.

Reducing intervertebral disc size by mechanical aspiration of a part of the disc or partially dissolving the herniation by drying reduces the conic pressure on the torn annulus and creates the space necessary for retropulsion whenever the circular fibres of the annulus regain a minimum capacity to contain the disc under tension. The proposed suggestion in these techniques is that a small change in volume produces large change in pressure.

The success rates reported in different studies vary from 65 to 80% of excellent or good results with chemonucleolysis and aspiration.

Vertebroplasty (VP) is done by percutaneous injection of acrylic cement (polymethylmetacrylate-PMMA) into the vertebrae under fluoroscopic and/or CT control to achieve an antalgic effect and stabilize the vertebral body.

VP has been used for vertebral collapses caused by osteoporosis, long-term steroid treatment, aggressive symptomatic angiomas and lytic metastasis.

The reported figures in literature are 80–95% of pain relief, within 7 days after procedure, commonly on the same day.

Keywords: Percutaneous discolysis, Chemiodiscolys with oxygen–ozone mixture, Nucleoplasty, Vertebroplasty, Kyphoplasty