European Journal of Radiology
Volume 41, Issue 3 , Pages 217-221 , March 2002

Ultrasonic contrast agents: safety considerations reviewed

  • G.R. ter Haar

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationTel.: +44-20-8661-3703; fax: +44-20-8643-3812

Received 15 October 2001 ,Revised 17 October 2001 ,Accepted 18 October 2001.

References 

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  2. Frizzell LA, Chen LC. Effects of pulsed ultrasound on the mouse neonate: hind limb paralysis and lung haemorrhage. Ultrasound Med. Biol. 1994;20:53–63
  3. Raeman CH, Child SZ, Carstensen EL. Timing of exposures in ultrasonic hemorrhage of murine lung. Ultrasound Med. Biol. 1993;19:507–512
  4. Holland CK, Siddiqi TA. Mechanical bioeffects of diagnostic ultrasound. In:  ter Haar G,  Duck F editor. The safe use of ultrasound in medical diagnosis. British Institute of Radiology; 2000;p. 42–53
  5. Miller DL, Gies RA, Chrisler WB. Ultrasonically induced haemolysis at high cell and gas body concentrations in a thin disc exposure chamber. Ultrasound Med. Biol. 1997;23:625–633
  6. Miller MW, Azadniv M, Doida Y, Brayman AA. Effect of stabilized microbubble contrast agent on cw ultrasound induced red cell lysis in vitro. Echocardiography. 1995;12:1–11
  7. Williams AR, Kubowicz G, Cramer E, Schlief R. The effects of microbubble suspension SH U 454 (Echovist) on ultrasound induced cell lysis in a rotating tube exposure system. Echocardiography. 1991;8:423–433
  8. Brayman AA, Miller MW. Sonolysis of Albunex-supplement, 40% haematocrit human erythrocytes by pulsed 1 MHz ultrasound: pulse number, pulse duration and exposure vessel rotation dependence. Ultrasound Med. Biol. 1999;25:307–314
  9. Brayman AA, Azadniv M, Cox C, Miller MW. Hemolysis of Albunex-supplemented, 40% haematocrit human erythrocytes in vitro by 1 MHz pulsed ultrasound: acoustic pressure and pulse length dependence. Ultrasound Med. Biol. 1996;22:927–938
  10. Brayman AA, Azadniv M, Makin IRS, Miller MW, Carstensen EL, Child SZ, et al. Effect of a stabilized microbubble echo contrast agent on hemolysis of human erythrocytes exposed to high intensity pulsed ultrasound. Echocardiography. 1995;12:13–21
  11. Miller MW, Sherman TA, Brayman AA. Comparative sensitivity of human and bovine erythrocytes to sonolysis by 1 MHz ultrasound. Ultrasound Med. Biol. 2000;26:1317–1326
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  13. Brayman AA, Church CC, Miller MW. Re-evaluation of the concept that high cell concentrations ‘protect’ cells in vitro from ultrasonically induced lysis. Ultrasound Med. Biol. 1996;22:497–514
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  15. Miller DL, Gies RA. Enhancement of ultrasonically induced hemolysis by perfluorocarbon-based compared to air-based echo-contrast agents. Ultrasound Med. Biol. 1998;24:285–292
  16. Miller MW, Everbach EC, Cox C, Knapp RR, Brayman AA, Sherman TA. A comparison of the hemolytic potential of Optison and Albunex in whole human blood in vitro: acoustic pressure, ultrasound frequency, donor and passive cavitation detection considerations. Ultrasound Med. Biol. 2001;27:709–721
  17. Everbach EC, Makin IRS, Francis CW, Meltzer RS. Effect of acoustic cavitation on platelets in the presence of an echo contrast agent. Ultrasound Med. Biol. 1998;24:129–136
  18. Ward M, Wu J, Chiu J-F. Experimental study of the effects of Optison concentration on sonoporation in vitro. Ultrasound Med. Biol. 2000;26:1169–1175
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  26. Dalecki D, Raeman CH, Child SZ, Cox C, Francis CW, Meltzer RS, et al. Haemolysis in vivo from exposure to pulsed ultrasound. Ultrasound Med. Biol. 1997;23:307–313
  27. Miller DL, Gies RA. The interaction of ultrasonic heating and cavitation in vascular bioeffects on mouse intestine. Ultrasound Med. Biol. 1998;24:123–128
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PII: S0720-048X(01)00456-9

European Journal of Radiology
Volume 41, Issue 3 , Pages 217-221 , March 2002

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