European Journal of Radiology
Volume 43, Issue 1 , Pages 6-13 , July 2002

MR imaging and in vivo proton spectroscopy of the brain in neonates with hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy

  • G.K Malik

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pediatrics, KG's Medical College, Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226 014, India
  • ,
  • M Pandey

      Affiliations

    • Department of Pediatrics, KG's Medical College, Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226 014, India
  • ,
  • R Kumar

      Affiliations

    • Department of Radiodiagnosis, Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226 014, India
  • ,
  • S Chawla

      Affiliations

    • Department of Radiodiagnosis, Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226 014, India
  • ,
  • B Rathi

      Affiliations

    • Department of Radiodiagnosis, Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226 014, India
  • ,
  • R.K Gupta

      Affiliations

    • Department of Radiodiagnosis, Sanjay Gandhi Post-Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow 226 014, India
    • Corresponding Author InformationCorresponding author. Tel.: +91-522-440900x2600; fax: +91-522-440017/440973

Received 21 August 2001 ,Revised 21 September 2001 ,Accepted 25 September 2001.

References 

  1. Penrice J, Cady EB, Lorek A, Wylezinska M, Amess PN, Alidrdge RF, et al. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of the brain in normal preterm and term infants, and early changes after perinatal hypoxia-ischemia. Pediatr. Res. 1996;40:6–14
  2. Blankenberg FG, Norbash AM, Lane B, Stevenson DK, Bracci PM, Enzmann DR. Neonatal intracranial ischemia and hemorrhage: diagnosis with US, CT and MR imaging. Radiology. 1996;199:253–259
  3. Hope PL, Gould SJ, Howard S, Hamilton PA, Costello AML, Reynolds EOR. Precision of ultrasound diagnosis of pathologically verified lesions in the brains of very preterm infants. Dev. Med. Child Neurol. 1988;30:457–471
  4. Matamoros A, Anderson JC, McConnell J, Bolam DL. Neurosonographic findings in infants treated by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). J. Child Neurol. 1989;4(Suppl.):52–61
  5. Keeney SE, Adcock EW, McArdle CB. Prospective observations of 100 high- risk neonates by high field (1.5 Tesla) magnetic resonance imaging of the central nervous system, I: intraventricular and extra cerebral lesions. Pediatrics. 1991;87:421–430
  6. Keeney SE, Adcock EW, McArdle CB. Prospective observations of 100 high-risk neonates by high field (1.5 Tesla) magnetic resonance imaging of the central nervous system, II: lesions associated with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Pediatrics. 1991;87:431–438
  7. Barkovich AJ. MR and CT evaluation of profound neonatal in infantile asphyxia. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 1992;13:959–972
  8. Martin B, Barkovich AJ. Magnetic resonance imaging in perinatal asphyxia. Arch. Dis. Child Fetal Neonatal. 1995;72(1):F62–F70
  9. Mason GF, Pan JW, Ponder SL, Twieg DB, Pohost GM, Hetherington HP. Detection of brain glutamate and glutamine in spectroscopic images at 4.1 T. Magn. Reson. Med. 1994;32:142–145
  10. McConnell JR, Antonson DL, Ong CS, Chu WK, Fox IJ, Heffron TG, et al. Proton spectroscopy of the brain glutamine in acute liver failure. Hepatology. 1995;22:69–74
  11. Sarnat HBO, Sarnat MS. Neonatal encephalopathy following fetal distress: a clinical and electroencephalographic study. Arch. Neurol. 1976;33:696–705
  12. Dambska M, Dydyk L, Szreter T, Wozniewicz J, Myers RE. Topography of lesions in new born and infant brains following cardiac arrest and resuscitation: damage to brain and hemispheres. Biol. Neonate. 1996;29:194–206
  13. Leech RW, Alvordm EC. Anoxic ischemic encephalopathy in human neonatal period. Arch. Neurol. 1977;34:109–113
  14. Pu Y, Li QF, Zeng CM, Gao J, Qi J, Luo DX, et al. Increased detectability of alpha brain glutamate/glutamine in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 2000;21:203–212
  15. Lilian TLS, Marjo SVDK, Gerda VWM, Annette HM. Early MR features of hypoxic ischemic brain injury in neonates with periventricular densities on sonograms. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 2000;21:852–861
  16. Hanrahan JD, Sargentoni J, Azzopardi D, Manji K, Cowan FM, Rutherford MA, et al. Cerebral metabolism within 18 h of birth asphyxia: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. Pediatr. Res. 1996;39:584–590
  17. Peden CJ, Rutherford MA, Sargentoni J, Cox IJ, Bryant DJ, Dubowitz LMS. Proton spectroscopy of the neonatal brain following hypoxic-ischemic injury. Dev. Med. Child Neurol. 1993;25:502–510
  18. Barkovich AJ, Westmark K, Partridge C, Sola A, Ferriero DM. Prenatal asphyxia: MR findings in the first 10 days. Am. J. Neuroradiol. 1995;16:427–438
  19. Groenendaal F, Veenhoven RH, Vander GJ, Jansen GH, Witkamp TD, Devries LS. Cerebral lactate and N-acetyl-aspartate/choline ratios in asphyxiated full-term neonates demonstrated in vivo using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Pediatr. Res. 1994;35:148–151
  20. Shu SK, Ashwal S, Holshouser BA, Nystrom G, Hinshaw DB. Prognosticvalue of 1H-MRS in Perinatal CNS insults. Pediatric. Neurol. 1997;17:309–318
  21. Young RS, Petroff OA, Chen B, Aquila WJ, Gore JC. Preferential utilization of Lactate in neonatal dog brain: in vivo and in vitro proton NMR study. Biol. Neonate. 1991;59:46–53
  22. Cataltepe O, Towfighi J, Vannucci RC. Cerebrospinal fluid concentrations of glutamate and GABA during perinatal cerebral hypoxia-ischemia and seizures. Brain Res. 1996;709:326–330
  23. Cotman CW, Iversen LL. Excitatory amino acids in brain: focus on NMDA receptors. Trends Neurosci. 1987;10:263–265
  24. Ottersen OP, Laake JH, Reichelt W, Haug FM, Torp R. Ischemic disruption of glutamate homeostasis in brain: quantitative immunocytochemical anaysis. J. Chem. Neuroanat. 1996;12:1–14
  25. du Plessis AJ, Johnston MV. Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in the newborn, cellular mechanism and potential strategies for neuroprotection. Clin. Perinatol. 1997;24:627–654
  26. Rothman SM, Olney JW. Glutamate and the pathophysiology of hypoxic/ischemic brain damage. Ann. Neurol. 1986;19:105–111
  27. Rothman DL, Hanstock CC, Petroff OAC, Novotny EJ, Prichard JW, Shulman RG. Localized 1H MRS spectra of glutamate in human brain. Magn. Reson. Med. 1992;25:94–106
  28. Dyker AG, Lees KR. Safely and tolerability of GV 150526 (a Glycine site antagonist at the N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor) in patients with acute stroke. Stroke. 1999;30:986–992
  29. The North American Glycine Antagonist in Neuroprotection (GAIN) Investigators. Phase II studies of the glycine antagonist GV150526 in acute stroke, The North American experience, Stroke 2000;33:358–365.
  30. Benveniste H, Warner D. The role of glutamatergic neurotransmission in ischemic brain damage. In:  Ginsberg MD,  Bogousslavslky J editor. Cerebrovascular disease, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management. Malden, MA: BLkbell Science; 1998;p. 393–402
  31. Meldrum BS. Antagonism of excitatory amino acids. In:  Ginsberg MD,  Bogousslavslky J editor. Cerebrovascular disease, pathophysiology, diagnosis and management. Malden MA: BLkbell Science; 1998;p. 682–692

PII: S0720-048X(01)00435-1

European Journal of Radiology
Volume 43, Issue 1 , Pages 6-13 , July 2002